Valerian During Pregnancy & Breastfeeding: Current Guidance
Many expecting and breastfeeding women seek natural solutions for sleep disturbances, especially when pharmaceutical options pose risks to fetal or infant health. Among these, valerian root is frequently marketed as a safe, plant-based remedy for insomnia and stress. However, safety data specific to valerian root during pregnancy or valerian while breastfeeding is limited and often inconclusive. Despite its wide use, no official FDA pregnancy risk category has been assigned to valerian, and leading clinical safety databases advise caution when using herbal sedatives during the prenatal period or while nursing. Understanding the potential implications of valerian use during gestation or lactation is essential before including it in any wellness routine.
What Is Valerian Root and How Does It Work in the Body?
Valerian root ( Valeriana officinalis) is a perennial herb traditionally used to manage sleep disturbances, nervous tension, and occasional anxiety. Its roots contain a complex blend of bioactive compounds, including valerenic acid, valepotriates, and volatile oils, which contribute to its sedative and anxiolytic effects. These compounds are believed to interact with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a key neurotransmitter involved in regulating sleep, mood, and central nervous system activity.
The sedative mechanism of valerian has been partially attributed to the modulation of GABA receptors, leading to increased GABA availability in the synaptic cleft. A 2020 pharmacological review published in Phytomedicine confirms that valerenic acid inhibits the enzyme GABA transaminase, reducing GABA breakdown and thereby promoting relaxation and sleep onset in animal models [source].
While the exact mechanism remains under investigation, the calming action of valerian root is widely linked to its influence on GABAergic pathways, especially when compared to conventional sleep medications. However, the pharmacodynamic properties of valerian may vary depending on its preparation — such as tinctures, powders, or capsules — as these differ in chemical concentration and bioavailability.
Some forms, like valerian tincture, may contain alcohol, which could be problematic during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Others, such as water-extracted teas, may be less potent but still capable of altering neurochemical balance. For this reason, the choice of valerian form becomes highly relevant when assessing safety in special populations.
To better understand the variability between different types, refer to the section on
which valerian form works best depending on use case or explore our detailed comparison:
→
Valerian Tea vs Extract vs Capsules: Which Form Works Best?
Valerian root’s historical use spans centuries, but modern users often overlook critical factors such as concentration, standardization, and individual metabolic differences, especially in vulnerable groups like pregnant women or nursing mothers.
Valerian Root Use During Pregnancy: Current Scientific Understanding and Risks
Pregnancy is a time when the use of herbal supplements requires heightened caution. Despite valerian root’s popularity as a natural sleep aid, the safety of valerian during pregnancy has not been established through high-quality clinical trials. The available data is limited to animal studies, observational reports, and expert consensus.
Valerian is not assigned a formal pregnancy category by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This absence of categorization does not imply safety. Instead, it reflects a lack of robust evidence in human populations. According to the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, valerian is classified as "Possibly Unsafe" during pregnancy due to its pharmacological activity on the central nervous system and the potential for uterine stimulation at high doses.
Potential Concerns for Pregnant Individuals
Some researchers have raised concerns that certain components of valerian—particularly valepotriates—may carry mild uterotonic effects, which could pose theoretical risks during early gestation or in pregnancies with complications. Although there is no direct evidence of miscarriage or birth defects associated with valerian root, the lack of comprehensive human data makes it difficult to determine its true safety profile in expecting mothers.
A 2017 toxicological review published in Reproductive Toxicology emphasized the need for controlled studies before recommending valerian in the prenatal period [source]. Until such data are available, most clinical guidelines advise avoiding valerian while pregnant, especially during the first trimester, when fetal organ development is most sensitive to chemical exposures.
Natural Does Not Mean Risk-Free
Although valerian is plant-based, its mechanism of action involves modulation of neurotransmitter systems, including GABA, which influences brain chemistry. Many synthetic drugs with similar effects are contraindicated during pregnancy due to their ability to cross the placenta and affect the developing nervous system. The same theoretical risks apply to potent herbal sedatives, even in over-the-counter formulations.
Choosing Safe Sleep Alternatives During Pregnancy
Healthcare professionals typically recommend non-pharmacologic methods first—such as sleep hygiene practices, cognitive behavioral strategies, and magnesium supplementation. Compared to valerian, alternatives like magnesium or chamomile have been evaluated more extensively and present fewer safety concerns during pregnancy.
To understand how valerian compares with these alternatives, see:
→ Valerian vs Magnesium: Complement or Substitute?
→ Valerian vs Chamomile for Sleep Support
Can You Take Valerian While Breastfeeding? Expert Guidance on Postpartum Use
The postpartum period is often accompanied by significant sleep disturbances, anxiety, and mood fluctuations. For nursing mothers seeking natural solutions, valerian root while breastfeeding is a frequently searched topic. However, despite its traditional use as a calming herb, valerian’s safety profile during lactation remains unclear due to the lack of high-quality human data.
Lack of Clinical Evidence and Transfer Through Breast Milk
Valerian contains pharmacologically active compounds—including valerenic acid and volatile oils—that are known to cross the blood-brain barrier. While no clinical trials have specifically evaluated valerian use during lactation, the possibility of these compounds transferring into breast milk and affecting the nursing infant cannot be ruled out. The American Academy of Pediatrics does not list valerian as contraindicated during breastfeeding, but it is also not considered definitively safe.
A pharmacovigilance review in Breastfeeding Medicine reported that herbal sedatives such as valerian may potentially alter infant feeding behavior or cause excessive drowsiness, especially in neonates with low birth weight or underlying metabolic vulnerabilities [source].
Expert Recommendations on Herbal Sedatives and Nursing
Leading reference sources like LactMed, a database from the U.S. National Library of Medicine, advise caution. While limited anecdotal reports do not suggest immediate harm, the GABAergic mechanism of valerian may still have neurological effects on infants, whose brains are undergoing rapid development in the first months of life.
In the absence of standardized dosing and long-term safety data, most healthcare providers recommend avoiding valerian root and breastfeeding together. If sedation or sleep support is required, safer alternatives such as magnesium glycinate, passionflower, or lemon balm may be preferred under professional supervision.
To understand how valerian compares with other natural agents, see:
→
Valerian vs Melatonin for Better Sleep
→
Combining Valerian with L-Theanine or Magnesium
Important Considerations for Breastfeeding Mothers
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Avoid valerian tinctures containing alcohol during lactation.
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Monitor for signs of infant sedation, feeding difficulty, or unusual sleep patterns.
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Always consult a lactation consultant or physician before using herbal products.
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Consider single-compound, well-researched alternatives when possible.
Why Some Forms of Valerian Are Riskier During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Valerian root is available in multiple delivery forms, including teas, capsules, tinctures, extracts, and powders. Although these formulations are often grouped together under the same label, their safety profiles can vary significantly—especially for pregnant individuals and nursing mothers. Understanding these differences is critical when assessing potential risk during the prenatal or postpartum period.
Valerian Tinctures: Alcohol Content and Fetal Exposure Risks
Valerian tinctures are liquid extracts that frequently use alcohol as a solvent. These products may contain ethanol concentrations ranging from 25% to 90%, depending on the preparation. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), even small, repeated exposures to alcohol during pregnancy may increase the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) [source].
For this reason, alcohol-based valerian tinctures are not recommended during pregnancy, regardless of dosage. The same applies during lactation, as ethanol can pass into breast milk, with potential to affect neurodevelopment in nursing infants.
Valerian Teas and Infusions: Lower Potency, Still a Concern
Many users consider valerian tea during pregnancy a safer alternative due to its water-based extraction. However, while teas generally have lower concentrations of active compounds like valerenic acid, they are still pharmacologically active. Repeated intake over time may lead to cumulative effects, particularly if combined with other sedatives or herbs with similar GABAergic activity.
Additionally, herbal teas are not always standardized in dosage. The variation in concentration between batches can pose unpredictable risks. Without strict control over extraction and brewing time, estimating safety becomes challenging for pregnant or breastfeeding populations.
To compare the potency and extraction methods of various forms of this herb, see:
→
Valerian Tea vs Extract vs Capsules: Which Form Works Best?
Capsules and Tablets: Standardized Doses With Uncertain Outcomes
Valerian capsules and tablets often contain standardized dry root extract, offering more consistent dosing than teas or tinctures. However, their safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding has still not been adequately studied. Most clinical trials on valerian exclude pregnant or lactating participants, limiting the evidence base.
Furthermore, capsule formulations may include additional excipients or binders, the safety of which has not been assessed for fetal or neonatal exposure. Some multi-herb capsules marketed for sleep may combine valerian with other sedatives such as hops or passionflower—each introducing additional risk.
For a deeper evaluation of multi-ingredient combinations, refer to:
→
Valerian Blend Formulas: Do Combo Supplements Work Better?
Summary of Form-Specific Concerns
| Valerian Form | Pregnancy Safety | Breastfeeding Safety | Notable Risks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tincture (alcohol-based) | Not recommended | Not recommended | Ethanol exposure |
| Tea | Low potency but not risk-free | Use caution | Unstandardized dosage |
| Capsules/Tablets | Unknown | Unknown | Concentrated actives, combo herbs |
What Do Experts Say About Valerian Use in Pregnancy and Lactation?
Medical and regulatory bodies remain cautious about the use of valerian root during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient evidence supporting its safety in these stages. While valerian is widely used in the general population for sleep support and anxiety, clinical guidance documents advise restraint when recommending herbal sedatives to pregnant or lactating individuals.
Lack of Clinical Trials and Exclusion of Pregnant Participants
A critical factor driving the caution is the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving pregnant or nursing participants. Most valerian research excludes these groups to avoid ethical complications, leaving a gap in the human safety data. A 2021 meta-analysis published in Complementary Therapies in Medicine found that although valerian showed promise in reducing sleep latency in general adult populations, no trials included pregnant or breastfeeding women [source].
Clinical Guidelines from Herbal Safety Authorities
The Natural Medicines Database rates valerian as “Possibly Unsafe” for use during pregnancy due to its sedative effects and possible uterine activity. Likewise, the LactMed database states that while valerian has not been linked to adverse breastfeeding outcomes, the lack of data warrants a precautionary approach, especially in newborns and premature infants who are more susceptible to CNS depressants.
According to Integrative Medicine pharmacology reference texts, any herbal product affecting GABA pathways—such as valerian—should be avoided unless approved by a healthcare provider during gestation or lactation periods. This includes all forms of valerian: tinctures, teas, and capsules, due to their potential to alter neurotransmitter activity and central nervous system development.
Summary of Key Institutional Positions
| Authority | Pregnancy Rating | Breastfeeding Rating | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural Medicines Database | Possibly Unsafe | Possibly Safe | Limited human data |
| LactMed (NIH) | Not rated | Use with caution | Unknown transfer into breast milk |
| ACOG | No formal guidance | No formal guidance | Alcohol exposure discouraged |
Need for Individualized Risk Assessment
Healthcare professionals emphasize the importance of individualized evaluation when considering herbal use during pregnancy or nursing. While valerian may be tolerated in some non-pregnant adults, its lack of standardization, variable strength, and pharmacologic action make it an uncertain option in sensitive populations.
Safer Natural Alternatives for Sleep and Anxiety During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Given the limited safety data for valerian root during pregnancy and while breastfeeding, many healthcare professionals recommend exploring natural alternatives with more favorable clinical profiles. These options may support relaxation and improve sleep without posing the same degree of uncertainty associated with GABAergic herbal sedatives.
Magnesium: A Clinically Evaluated Sleep Mineral
Magnesium plays a vital role in regulating neurotransmitters, particularly GABA, which promotes relaxation and sleep readiness. Studies have shown that magnesium supplementation improves sleep quality and reduces restlessness in both pregnant and non-pregnant individuals [source]. Magnesium glycinate and magnesium citrate are commonly used forms that are generally well-tolerated during pregnancy.
Unlike valerian, magnesium is an essential mineral with established reference intake levels for pregnancy and lactation. It does not exhibit CNS depressant effects and is often included in prenatal supplements, making it a first-line non-herbal option.
→ For a detailed comparison, see:
Valerian vs Magnesium: Complement or Substitute?
Chamomile: A Gentle Botanical with Preliminary Evidence
Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) is another plant-based remedy often used to promote calmness. It contains apigenin, a flavonoid that binds to benzodiazepine receptors in the brain, albeit more weakly than synthetic drugs or valerian. Chamomile tea is commonly used during pregnancy in various cultures, though high doses should still be avoided.
According to a 2018 review in Phytotherapy Research, chamomile may reduce mild anxiety symptoms and assist with sleep latency, but clinical studies in pregnant populations are limited and inconsistent [source].
Lemon Balm and Passionflower: Alternatives with Emerging Safety Data
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) are two additional herbs sometimes used as milder alternatives to valerian. While both act on the GABA pathway, their potency is generally considered lower. Some formulations designed for sleep support contain these herbs in low doses, though most clinical guidelines recommend using them only under professional supervision during pregnancy or lactation.
These herbs may appear in
valerian blend supplements, which should be approached with caution due to unknown synergistic effects. See:
→
Valerian Blend Formulas: Do Combo Supplements Work Better?
Non-Supplemental Approaches: Behavioral and Lifestyle Strategies
In many cases, non-pharmacological interventions offer effective, low-risk options. Evidence-based methods include:
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Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
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Sleep hygiene practices (consistent sleep schedule, reduced blue light)
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Prenatal yoga and meditation
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Light evening exercise
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Relaxation breathing techniques
According to the American College of Nurse-Midwives, such behavioral approaches may be preferable as first-line treatments for insomnia during pregnancy [source].
Frequently Asked Questions About Valerian Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Is valerian root safe to use during pregnancy?
No. Valerian root is not considered safe for use during pregnancy due to the lack of adequate human studies. According to the Natural Medicines Database, valerian is classified as “Possibly Unsafe” in pregnancy. The herb may exert mild uterine effects and influence central nervous system activity. No formal FDA pregnancy category has been assigned to valerian.
Can I take valerian root while breastfeeding?
Use of valerian root while breastfeeding is not recommended without medical supervision. Although there is no documented harm in lactating women, limited data make it impossible to assess the risk of valerenic acid or other active compounds passing into breast milk and affecting the infant’s neurological development. Refer to authoritative sources like LactMed for case-specific decisions.
Does valerian root pass into breast milk?
There is no conclusive evidence, but based on its lipophilic properties and activity on GABA receptors, valerian compounds may transfer into breast milk. This raises concerns about possible sedation, feeding difficulties, or altered sleep patterns in nursing infants.
What is the FDA category for valerian root in pregnancy?
Valerian root is not assigned a pregnancy category by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The absence of a designation reflects a lack of formal evaluation, not confirmation of safety. Caution is advised with all herbal sedatives during gestation.
Is valerian tea safer than capsules or tinctures during pregnancy?
Valerian tea during pregnancy may be less concentrated than tinctures or capsules, but it is still not considered safe. Even small amounts of valerenic acid in non-standardized infusions may pose risks. Alcohol-based tinctures, in particular, are contraindicated due to ethanol content.
What are safer alternatives to valerian during pregnancy or lactation?
Evidence-based alternatives include magnesium supplements, chamomile tea (in moderation), lemon balm, and behavioral therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). These options generally offer a better safety profile during both prenatal and postpartum periods.
Can I use valerian for sleep immediately after giving birth?
Postpartum use of valerian is discouraged while breastfeeding, unless approved by a healthcare provider. If sleep issues persist after delivery, consult a provider to discuss safer options that will not affect infant health through lactation.